Gymnosperms vs Angiosperms | 20 Clear Differences in Points

Gymnosperms are considered primitive plants, while angiosperms are advanced.

There are a few characteristic differences between them.

                          GYMNOSPERMS VS. ANGIOSPERMS

Gymnosperms vs Angiosperms

Sl.NoCharacterGymnospermsAngiosperms
1Basic featureThese are non-flowering plants that produce seeds
These are flowering plants that produce seeds.
2Seed featureThe seeds are naked and found in scales, leaves, or as cones.The seeds are very well enclosed in the ovary of the plant.
3Leaf scarThe leaves have a scar as a characteristic feature.No leaf scar is present
4Leaf anatomyThe leaves are usually
dimorphic. The foliage leaves are green, simple, needle-like, or pinnately compounded, while the scaly leaves are usually minute and deciduous.
The leaves are usually flat
having a proper lamina,
petiole and can be simple or
compound in nature.
5Life cycleThe leaves are evergreen or
perennial.
The leaves are shed and die during autumn.
6Plant formGymnosperms are mostly woody plantsAngiosperms have a variety of plant forms, such as trees, shrubs, and herbs.
7WoodA soft type of wood.usually hardwood
8Reproduction The cones in gymnosperms
are unisexual in nature
The flowers in angiosperms
can be bisexual or unisexual.
9Pollination methodUsually wind pollinationThe angiosperms also rely on animals for pollination.
10Cotyledonsabsent in gymnospermsCotyledons present cotyledons and are
divided further into monocots
and dicots
11Number of a set of
chromosomes
a haploid set of chromosomesA diploid set of chromosomes.
12Xylem vessels and companion cellsOnly found in GnetalesFound in most of the plants except
some vessel-less genera
13ovary, style, and stigmaAbsentPresent
14Double fertilization, triple fusion phenomenaDouble fertilization and triple fusion phenomena are absentAngiosperm exhibits the
triple fusion and double fertilization in their life cycle.
15Endosperm formationEndosperm formation in gymnosperms occurs
before fertilization
The endosperm formation in angiosperms takes place after
fertilization. It is a result of triple fusion, and hence, it is triploid.
16Nuclear divisionsfree nuclear divisions
occur in the zygote of
gymnosperms
Free nuclear divisions are
not seen in the zygote of
angiosperms.
17Tissue formationThe tissues in
gymnosperms are less
complex than in
angiosperms. The tissue remains simple.
The tissue formed in angiosperms is more complex than that of gymnosperms.
18DistributionThe gymnosperms are
evergreen trees and shrubs with xerophytic adaptations. They are mostly found in areas that do not have enough water. There are about 1,000 species found.
The angiosperms have a variety of trees, shrubs, and
herbs found in seasonal weather. This group is the
most populated group, with over 260,000 species recorded to date, which holds second
position after insects in terms of their diversity.
19Uses to manThey are commonly used for lumber: pine, spruce, fir.The angiosperms provide all
plant-based food as well as livestock feed. Grains, fruits, legumes, nightshades, potatoes, tomatoes, gourds, and cabbages
are all angiosperm products.
20ExamplesPine, spruce, fir, cycads, Pinus, conifers, Ginkgo biloba, zamia, etc.lilies, orchids, grasses, roses, peas,
oaks, maples, sunflowers,
eucalyptus, etc.
Gymnosperms vs Angiosperms
Sunflower

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