Pharmacology - Study Read

Do Cells Respond to Every Signal | No Not at All

Cells, in general, are designed to respond to specific signals. They can do so because of receptors on their surfaces. In general, cells respond to bio-molecules like hormones, ions, vitamins, etc. They also respond to drugs, heavy metals and poisons. But, all the body cells do not respond to all the chemical signals. To put […]

How does Radiation Work ? Its Role in Cancer and Sterilization.

Radiation always has damaging affects on the body. But, when used in a controlled manner, it can be used to treat diseases like cancer. The mechanism involved in treatment is the same damaging effect on the cancer cells. So, the radiation works only by damaging effects like 1. Ionization of water molecules in the cell. […]

Parenteral Drug Administration| Their Types, Advantages and Disadvantages

Parenteral administration is a route of drug administration devoid of oral route. Here the drug is given from routes other than oral i.e. avoiding alimentary canal. The name Parenteral come from “para”= aside + “enteral” = intestine. Parenteral administration definition: It is a method of delivering the drug directly into the blood stream without having […]

Forms of Drugs| Different Types of Dosage forms with examples.

Drugs are given in different forms. There are many forms of drugs to suit the needs of the individual patients. A same drug is made in different forms for ease of administration, pharmacology and patient related factors. For example, pain killers like diclofenac is available as tablet, injection and even ointment. Tablets can be consumed […]

Muscarinic Receptors| Their Effects, Function, Agonists and Antagonists

Muscarinic receptors are the ones present in parasympathetic system. They are stimulated by acetylcholine a neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Hence they are called as cholinergic receptors beside nicotinic receptors. All the muscarnic receptors are G-protein coupled receptor types. They show their response in few seconds to minutes unlike nicotinic receptors which show response in […]

2 Types of Nicotinic Receptors | Their Properties and functions

Nicotinic receptors are a type of cholinergic receptors. In the body they are stimulated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. But unlike Muscarnic receptors they are specifically stimulated by the alkaloid nicotine. Hence they are named as nicotinic receptors. They are specifically blocked by the alkaloid D-tubocurarine (arrow poison). Structurally they are ligand gated cation […]

Describe the Similarities between Enzymes and Receptors

Enzymes and receptors are quite different in their purpose in the body. But they both are proteinacious in nature and help to regulate body physiology. Yet, structurally and functionally they are much different. By function both can be described as. Enzymes are protein biomolecules which act as catalysts to enhance the rate of reaction in […]

Types of Receptors| Their Role and Functions in the Body

Receptors are the sensing molecules or elements which communicate the signal from a ligand to the cell to elicit specific physiological change. They are located in the cells, tissues and help to control all most all the body organs. The ligand is the one which binds to the receptor and brings in conformational changes to […]

What is IV therapy| It Requirement and Applications

I.V therapy is a mode of treatment where in the drug or nutrients are given through intra-venous route of drug administration. This is one of the types of Parenteral Drug Administration. It is done only by expert hands like a doctor, surgeon or even a nurse. The procedure requires proper care so to avoid risks […]

5 Routes of Medication Administration

When we visit a doctor for any disease condition, we are prescribed few medicines which are to be taken by suitable routes like by mouth or injection etc. These routes are called as routes of medication administration. One mostly gets few tablets to consume but at times even syrups, ointments and even injections are given. Of […]

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