An EndNote is a reference software which helps to edit references with ease. If you are a student, scientist or a researcher with some professional writing requirements, you may need a reference software. It was a huge struggle and time waste for me in managing references while writing a research paper before the introduction of […]
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Grammarly is an English grammar correction software useful to edit your assignments, email and other writings. It is quite versatile and can be used by everyone as it offers a free version. If you need more features, you can try their premium version, which is excellent for professional writing. I have been using this software […]
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Lead is one of the toxic heavy metals and its presence is undesirable in medicinal substances. The lead contamination can occur due to the storage in glass bottles, lead-lined apparatus and also due to the use of sulfuric acid. Principle of Limit test for lead As per B.P, the principle of the limit test is […]
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Mass Spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the mass and molecular structure of a compound. Unlike other spectroscopy techniques, here the electromagnetic radiation is not used for excitation of electrons. Further, there is also no phenomenon of electrons moving in between the ground state and excited state. The principle of mass spectrometry is […]
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Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is one that studies the spin changes at the nuclear level. This spin change occurs when a radio frequency energy is absorbed by the nucleus in the presence of a magnetic field. Principle of NMR spectroscopy In an atom with an odd mass number, the proton (nucleus) spins on its own […]
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Limit test for iron is a semi-quantitative test used to check the iron impurities in an official sample. Principle: This test is based on the reaction of thioglycolic acid with iron in the given sample. A purple colored ferrous thioglycolate salt is formed. The color intensity is compared with that of a standard substance containing […]
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Limit test for sulphates is based on the principal of precipitation of sulfate ions by barium chloride. It is done to check the extent of sulfate impurities in officially prepared products. Principle: The test depends on the interaction between the sulfate ions with the barium chloride in the presence of hydrochloric acid. BaCl2 + SO42———————> […]
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Limits test for chloride is a semi-quantitative analytical test. It is performed to identify the traces of chloride impurities which are likely to be present in a substance. The quantity of chloride impurity in an official substance is often small. So, the visible reaction response of any test for that substance is very small. The […]
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Lipids are biomolecules and include many substances like fats, oils, waxes, vitamins like A, D, E and K. The importance of lipids can be listed based on the uses and role in life like Storage and Heat generation Hormones Signalling Hardness to hand palm and soles Smoothness to the skin Formation of cell organelles Helps […]
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Bacteria structure is extremely small, microscopic and unicellular. They were discovered by Anton von Leeuwenhoek in the year 1676. Their size varies between 1 to 5 microns in length, but some of them are as big as 80 microns in length. Bacteria cell structure Bacteria is a prokaryotic cell. It is enveloped by three layers […]
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