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Microbiology

Microbiology is the subject which deals with study of microbes and their effects on the body. It also tells how to handle the microorganisms for human use

Sterilization Validation | Protocol and Process

Published January 14, 2017 | Updated April 23, 2023 by Dr. Ranga Reddy
sterilization validation

Sterilization aims to destroy all the viable forms of microbes from finished products, workplaces, or surgical instruments. This process is done on …

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Steam Sterilization | Its Principle and Process Using Autoclave

Published January 11, 2017 | Updated August 1, 2023 by Dr. Ranga Reddy
steam sterilization

Steam sterilization is one of the widely used and dependable methods of sterilization. It is fast, inexpensive, and applicable to a wide …

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Elisa and Ria | Similarities & Differences between techniques

Published September 25, 2016 | Updated February 2, 2021 by Dr. Ranga Reddy
ELISA and RIA

ELISA and RIA are two different types of immunoassays used in research and diagnosis. Their principle is similar but their methods of …

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ELISA and Western blot | 5 Similarities & 12 Differences

Published September 18, 2016 | Updated February 2, 2021 by Dr. Ranga Reddy
Elisa and Western blot

ELISA (ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY) and Western blot are both immunoassays. They rely on the use of antigens and antibodies in the …

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How Do Bacteria Reproduce? 5 Methods That Make Them Nearly Immortal

Published March 21, 2016 | Updated April 15, 2025 by Dr. Ranga Reddy
how does bacteria reproduce

Bacteria have survived billions of years growing everywhere on Earth despite being single-celled organisms. This incredible feat is possible due to their …

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12 Distinguishing Characteristics of Bacteria

Published March 1, 2016 | Updated April 26, 2024 by Dr. Ranga Reddy
distinguishing characteristics of bacteria

Bacteria are the earliest microorganisms on the earth. The external and internal characteristics of bacteria are a bit different from the rest …

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Bacterial Cell Wall | Its Structure and Function

Published February 3, 2016 | Updated July 4, 2022 by Dr. Ranga Reddy

The bacteria cell wall is an important structure that is a rigid and non-living envelope around the cell. It is present just …

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3 Types of Immunity | Body’s Self-defense to Diseases.

Published November 10, 2015 | Updated August 18, 2024 by Dr. Ranga Reddy
3 Types of Immunity

Immunity is the body’s self-defense mechanism to keep diseases at bay. The body is susceptible to diseases and infections when this immunity …

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What is Sterilization ? 9 Types and Methods in Microbiology

Published October 4, 2015 | Updated October 2, 2025 by Dr. Ranga Reddy

Sterilization is the destruction process of all forms of living microorganisms from a substance. Articles having a direct application to humans and …

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RadioImmunoAssay | The principle and Procedure of RIA

Published June 27, 2013 | Updated June 8, 2025 by Dr. Ranga Reddy
RadioImmunoAssay

Radioimmune assay (RIA) is an immunological assay to analyze any antigen or antibody in the patient’s serum to diagnose the disease. This …

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