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Science

List of buffer solutions | (Preparation Method for specific pH)

Published October 10, 2018 | Updated January 12, 2022 by Dr. Ranga Reddy N, Ph.D.

A buffer is a combination of strong acid and its basic salt or a strong base and its acidic salt. These buffer …

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How does Photosynthesis Work | Step by Step Process

Published October 5, 2018 | Updated May 31, 2025 by Dr. Ranga Reddy N, Ph.D.
How does Photosynthesis Work

Photosynthesis, by definition, is the synthesis of carbohydrates in green plants by utilization of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of …

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Physical and Chemical Properties of Aluminum

Published October 4, 2018 | Updated December 17, 2018 by Dr. Ranga Reddy N, Ph.D.
physical and chemical properties of aluminum

Aluminum is a bright lustrous metal widely obtained from nature. In large quantities, it is isolated from the bauxite ore. It is …

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Do Unicellular Organisms have a Nucleus ? Yes and No

Published October 1, 2018 | Updated October 19, 2019 by Dr. Ranga Reddy N, Ph.D.
Do Unicellular Organisms have a Nucleus - paramecium

Do Unicellular Organisms have a Nucleus ? The answer is “Yes” and also “No”. Some of them have while others don’t The …

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How do Hormones Work? Their Mechanisms and Regulation

Published September 25, 2018 | Updated June 23, 2024 by Dr. Ranga Reddy N, Ph.D.
How Hormones Work

Hormones are chemical messengers in the body that regulate the body’s physiology. They act due to the These hormones in the human …

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How are ATP and ADP Related?

Published September 21, 2018 | Updated January 8, 2025 by Dr. Ranga Reddy N, Ph.D.
How are ATP and ADP related

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) are the energy molecules of our body. Of them, ATP is the essential link between …

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JAK-STAT Signaling | The Cell Pathway in Physiology, Disease and Death

Published September 17, 2018 | Updated November 1, 2025 by Dr. Ranga Reddy N, Ph.D.
Jak STAT pathway signalling

JAk stands for Janus kinase, and STAT for signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT). These pathways are indeed one of the …

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Uses of Alcohol | In Medicine, Industry and Daily life

Published September 16, 2018 | Updated June 1, 2024 by Dr. Ranga Reddy N, Ph.D.
Uses of alcohol

Alcohol in general means ethyl alcohol with a chemical formula of C2H5OH. Ethanol is widely used as a part of hot drinks …

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Red vs White blood cells | Differences and Similarities

Published September 15, 2018 | Updated March 27, 2025 by Dr. Ranga Reddy N, Ph.D.
Red vs White blood cells- different types of cells

Blood cells are part of liquid connective tissue. These cells are freely moving and have an essential function in the body. As …

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Types of Immune Cells | Their Role in Body Defense

Published September 12, 2018 | Updated November 4, 2025 by Dr. Ranga Reddy N, Ph.D.
Types of Immune Cells

There are five different types of immune cells in our body, like the Of these 5 cells, the lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils …

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